Table of Contents
Preface
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles
Section A: Fundamentals of Carbonized and Activated Carbon
1: Introduction
Abstract
1.1 Brief history of activated carbon materials
1.2 Industrial and scientific matrix for ACF materials
1.3 Production cost: ACF versus GAC
1.4 Present market and future development
1.5 Conclusion
2: Materials for activated carbon fiber synthesis
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Polymeric precursors
2.3 Polymer pyrolysis
2.4 ACF structure
2.5 Conclusion
3: Carbon fiber spinning
Abstract
Acknowledgments
3.1 Carbon fiber spinning
3.2 Post-spinning modification
3.3 Pyrolysis process
3.4 Activated carbon fibers prepared from biomass raw materials
3.5 Summary
4: Carbonization and activation for production of activated carbon fibers
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 ACF industry
4.3 Stabilization/pretreatment processes
4.4 Carbonization process
4.5 Activation process
4.6 Modification process
4.7 Major ACF products
4.8 Future trends
4.9 Conclusions
Section B: Properties of Activated Carbon Fibers
5: Adsorption properties of activated carbon fibers
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Principles of adsorption and desorption
5.3 Measurement methods in adsorption
5.4 Surface properties of ACF
5.5 Adsorption properties of ACFs
5.6 Conclusions and future scope
6: Mechanical properties of activated carbon fibers
Abstract
6.1 The common characteristics of ACF’s mechanical behavior
6.2 Influencing factors of ACF’s mechanical properties
6.3 The mechanical properties of ACF products
6.4 Methods for improving the mechanical performance of ACF products
6.5 Future trends in improvement of ACF mechanical properties
6.6 Conclusions
7: Electrical and thermal properties of activated carbon fibers
Abstract
7.1 Electrical and thermal properties of different activated carbon fiber types
7.2 Improving electrical and thermal properties
7.3 Testing methods for electrical and thermal properties of ACF
7.4 Conclusion
8: Sound absorptive properties of activated carbon fibers
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The influence of technological conditions on properties of ACF
8.3 Testing method for sound absorption of ACF
8.4 Sound absorption properties of ACF
8.5 Future trends
8.6 Conclusion
Section C: Applications of Activated Carbon Fiber Textiles
9: Activated carbon filters for filtration–adsorption
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Gas filtration
9.3 Liquid filtration
9.4 Future trends
9.5 Conclusions
10: Activated carbon fiber for environmental protection
Abstract
Acknowledgments
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Environmental applications of ACF
10.3 Future trends
10.4 Conclusions
11: Activated carbon fiber for energy storage
Abstract
11.1 Energy storage devices
11.2 Supercapacitors
11.3 Fuel cells
11.4 Future trends
11.5 Conclusion
12: Activated carbon fibers for gas storage
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Fiber performance: General observations on structure and texture factors that control fiber performance
12.3 Modeling
12.4 Manufacture and properties of ACF-based monoliths for NG storage
12.5 Conclusions
12.6 Further work and future trends
Index
Preface
Activated carbon materials are traditional chemical adsorbents because of their very high specific surface area and high micropore volume. Recently, a great deal of industrial attention has been drawn to activated carbon fiber and textiles. Textile materials in the form of fibers, yarns, and fabrics can be converted into active carbon products by the process of pyrolysis and activation. Therefore, activated carbon fiber materials have great potential for new industrial end uses, from personal protective equipment to energy storage and healthcare devices.
Using fibers and fabrics as raw materials for making activated carbon products exhibits tremendous advantages. First, activated carbon fiber has a significantly different microporous structure that allows much more rapid dynamic adsorption and desorption with less material. Second, a range of polymers can be used as precursors for making activated carbon products, including celluloses, thermosets, and thermoplastics. Finally, fiber assemblies can have diverse structures such as wovens, knits, and nonwovens. These material formats are easy to integrate into composite structures and allow easy material handling and transportation in manufacturing.
However, the technologies for fabricating, characterizing, and analyzing activated carbon fiber and fabrics are usually not included in traditional textile textbooks, because the production of activated carbon fiber and textiles is a cutting-edge technology overlapped by fiber/textile manufacturing and polymer thermochemical processes. Professionals working in this industry need to have a broader scope of knowledge that is beyond the single traditional textile discipline. This motivated me to edit a book that could address this emergent technical area. My proposal for this book, titled Activated Carbon Fiber and Textiles, was immediately supported by Sarah Lynch, Acquisitions Editor for Elsevier Woodhead Publishing.
The purpose of this book is to provide readers with the latest research progress and state-of-the-art technologies developed in the manufacture and application of activated carbon fiber and textiles. The book is divided into three sections. Section A lays the fundamentals of carbonized and activated carbon materials. The basic contents covered in this section include an overview and technical concepts of activated carbon fiber in comparison with granular activated carbon; precursor materials of activated carbon fiber; precursor fiber spinning; and the thermochemical process of activated carbon fiber. Section B covers the properties of activated carbon fibers, including their adsorptive properties, mechanical properties, electrical and thermal properties, and acoustical properties. Section C introduces the major applications of activated carbon fiber in filtration, environmental protection, power storage, and gas storage.
I want to express my wholehearted thanks to all chapter authors for their contributions to this book. Their enthusiasm and willingness to share their knowledge is greatly appreciated. I would also like to extend my gratitude to the project managers, editors, and all other assistants who helped to produce this book. Without their invaluable input, the publication of this book would have been impossible.
Jonathan Y. Chen
July 4, 2016