Contents
List of contributors xiii
Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles xv
In memoriam of Félix Escrig Pallarés xxiii
Preface xxvii
1 Introduction: the development of fabric structures in architecture 1
R. Kronenburg
1.1 The characteristics of fabric structures as used in architecture 1
1.2 Prehistoric and traditional fabric structures 2
1.3 Historic development of fabric structures 5
1.4 Twentieth-century event architecture; new techniques and materials 8
1.5 Expeditionary and military mobile structures 11
1.6 Fabric structure engineering for permanently sited architecture 13
1.7 Future trends and conclusion 18
1.8 Sources of further information 20
References 20
Part One Fundamental principles and materials 23
2 Fundamentals of tensile architectural fabric structures 25
F. Escrig, J. Sánchez-Sánchez
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 The hung roofs 25
2.3 Cable-stayed structures 35
2.4 Longitudinally pre-stressed structures 38
2.5 Cable grids 42
2.6 Internally tensed structures 62
2.7 Pre-stressed membranes 74
2.8 Pneumatic structures 78
3 Materials used for architectural fabric structures 101
R. Houtman
3.1 A distinguishing building concept 101
3.2 The fabric material 102
3.3 Foils 115
3.4 Low-E coatings 119
References 120
4 Structural behaviour of fabrics and coatings for architectural fabric structures 123
H. Bögner-Balz, R. Blum, J. Köhnlein
4.1 Polymeric materials 123
4.2 Fabrics and coatings 128
4.3 Mechanical properties and material laws for coated fabrics 142
References 155
Further reading 155
5 Functional-layered textiles in architecture 159
F. Heinzelmann, T. Bristogianni, P. Teuffel
5.1 Introduction 159
5.2 Motivation and performance-driven design 159
5.3 Applications 160
5.4 Conclusion and outlook 182
References 182
6 High-performance architectural membranes: phase-change materials 187
B. Pause
6.1 Introduction 187
6.2 Membrane materials with phase-change material (PCM) treatment 187
6.3 Role of PCMs in architectural membranes 189
6.4 Possible applications of architectural membranes with
PCM treatment 197
6.5 Conclusions 198
References 198
Part Two Design, installation and maintenance 201
7 Lighting and the visual environment in architectural fabric structures 203
J. Chilton, B. Lau
7.1 Introduction 203
7.2 Visual perception in tensile fabric structures 204
7.3 Design of the luminous environment and its effect on visual information 206
7.4 Lighting quality and the associated spatial enclosure character 206
7.5 Light variation and brightness contrast 208
7.6 Material properties and light transmission 210
7.7 Issues in daytime lighting of fabric structures 212
7.8 Artificial lighting of fabric structures 213
7.9 Fabric membranes for shading and solar control 214
7.10 Case studies 216
7.11 Sources of further information and advice 217
References 217
Further reading 219
8 Thermal behaviour in architectural fabric structures 221
G.N. Harvie
8.1 Introduction 221
8.2 Thermal design 222
8.3 The thermal behaviour of architectural fabrics 223
8.4 The thermal properties of architectural fabrics 224
8.5 Modelling the thermal behaviour of architectural fabrics 227
8.6 The thermal behaviour of spaces enclosed by architectural fabrics 229
8.7 The use of computational fluid dynamics 231
8.8 Examples of modelled behaviour 233
8.9 The future thermal behaviour of architectural fabric structures 234
8.10 Conclusion 239
8.11 Useful sources of information 239
Acknowledgements 239
References 240
9 Acoustics in architectural fabric structures: the case
of ETFE pillows 241
S. Chiu, D. Noble, E. Valmont
9.1 Introduction 241
9.2 Principles of sound 241
9.3 Case study: National Aquatic Center Beijing—the Water Cube 252
9.4 Conclusions 255
References 256
10 Environmental impact of architectural fabric structures 257
J.M. Cremers
10.1 Introduction: key environmental issues affecting architectural fabric structures and the global picture 257
10.2 Traditional reasoning why membrane structures are beneficial
to the environment 260
10.3 Life cycle assessment (LCA) 266
10.4 Environmental product declarations (EPD) 267
10.5 Benefit to the membrane sector 268
10.6 Additional background information 270
10.7 Sustainable building and building rating schemes (assessment systems) 271
10.8 Current status on LCA on membrane materials and structures 273
10.9 Conclusions 279
10.10 Sources of further information and advice 280
References 280
11 Detailing for fabric architectural structures 283
J. Llorens
11.1 Introduction 283
11.2 Principles and requirements 284
11.3 Typology of details 317
11.4 Future trends 372
11.5 Case studies 375
11.6 Sources of further information and advice 386
References 386
Further reading 387
12 Installation of architectural fabric structures 389
K. Kaltenbrunner, M. Kiefer
12.1 Introduction 389
12.2 Main characteristics of the installation process 389
12.3 Planning and installation concepts 391
12.4 Installation process and realization 394
12.5 Scheduling and control 400
12.6 Examples based on realized projects 401
12.7 Outlook and future trends 411
12.8 Conclusion 414
References 415
13 Understanding and overcoming failures associated with architectural fabric structures 417
J. Monjo-Carrió
13.1 Introduction 417
13.2 Most common pathological processes and preventive measures 418
13.3 Basic maintenance tasks 441
13.4 Conclusions 444
References 445
Part Three Applications, case studies, recent developments 447
14 Membrane claddings in architecture 449
C. Monticelli
14.1 Introduction: membrane as material for building façade 449
14.2 Materials and their requirements 450
14.3 Structural supports of the textile cladding layer 453
14.4 Applications 460
14.5 Future trends 477
14.6 Conclusion 479
References 480
15 Architectural fabric structures in the refurbishment of archaeological and cultural heritage areas 481
A. Zanelli
15.1 Introduction 481
15.2 Technical textiles for the built environment 482
15.3 Architectural fabric for archaeology sites 485
15.4 Architectural fabric for cultural heritage buildings 500
15.5 Conclusion 523
Acknowledgements 524
References 524
16 Recent developments in architectural fabric structures in China 529
Z. Qilin
16.1 Introduction: the increasing role of architectural fabric structures in China 529
16.2 The range of architectural fabric structures in China 531
16.3 Examples 566
16.4 Future trends 580
16.5 Conclusion 583
16.6 Sources of further information and advice 583
References 584
17 Recent developments in architectural fabric structures in Latin America 585
C.H. Hernández
17.1 Introduction 585
17.2 Argentina 588
17.3 Brazil 597
17.4 Central America 604
17.5 Chile 608
17.6 Colombia 616
17.7 Cuba 621
17.8 Mexico 621
17.9 Peru 630
17.10 Uruguay 634
17.11 Venezuela 638
17.12 Future 655
17.13 Sources of further information 658
Acknowledgments 659
Websites 659
18 Recent developments in architectural fabric structures
in North America 661
C.G. Huntington
18.1 Introduction 661
18.2 Fabric structure technology 663
18.3 Fabric structure performance 667
18.4 Fabric structure resources 680
References 685
19 Recent developments in architectural fabric structures in Japan 687
K. Kawaguchi
19.1 Introduction 687
19.2 Recent trends in and roles of architectural membrane structures in Japan 687
19.3 Examples 690
19.4 Future trends 718
19.5 Conclusion 721
References 725
20 Recent developments in architectural fabric structures: shopping mall Titan Plaza, Bogotá, Columbia 727
B. Stimpfle
20.1 Introduction 727
20.2 Case study: shopping mall Titan Plaza, Bogotá 727
20.3 Future trends 743
20.4 Conclusion 743
20.5 Further information 746
Further reading 747
21 Recent developments in architectural fabric structures in Europe:
the example of Winter Garden, Verona, Italy 749
S. Lombardi, C. Monticelli
21.1 Introduction 749
21.2 State of the art 749
21.3 Winter Garden project, Verona, Italy 756
21.4 Installation 764
21.5 Future trends and conclusions 768
References 770
22 Recent developments in architectural fabric structures in Europe:
the design and construction of the London 2012 Olympic Stadium
and its context in the European fabric structures market 773
M. Birchall
22.1 Introduction and context 773
22.2 London 2012 Olympic Stadium 779
22.3 Recent developments and future trends 815
22.4 Sources of further information and advice 817
Epilogue 819
Index 823