Psychology In Everyday Life, 5th Edition
By David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall
Contents:
Instructor Preface
Student Preface: Student Success—How to Apply Psychology to Live
Your Best Life
CHAPTER 1
Psychology’s Roots, Critical Thinking, and Self-Improvement Tools
Psychology Is a Science
Critical Thinking and the Scientific Attitude
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Scientific Attitude
Psychological Science’s Birth and Development
Today’s Psychology
The Need for Psychological Science
The Limits of Common Sense
Psychological Science in a Post-Truth World
How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions?
The Scientific Method
Description
Correlation
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Correlation and Causation
Experimentation
Choosing a Research Design
Predicting Everyday Behavior
Psychology’s Research Ethics
Studying and Protecting Animals
Studying and Protecting Humans
Values in Psychology
Use Psychology to Improve Your Life and Become a Better Student
CHAPTER 2
The Biology of Behavior and Consciousness
The Power of Plasticity
Neural Communication
A Neuron’s Structure
How Neurons Communicate
How Neurotransmitters Influence Us
The Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Central Nervous System
The Endocrine System
The Brain
Tools of Discovery—Having Our Head Examined
Older Brain Structures
The Limbic System
The Cerebral Cortex
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Using Only 10 Percent of
Our Brain
Responses to Damage
The Divided Brain
Brain States and Consciousness
Selective Attention
Sleep and Dreams
CHAPTER 3
Developing Through the Life Span
Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues
Nature and Nurture
Continuity and Stages
Stability and Change
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Conception
Prenatal Development
The Competent Newborn
Twin and Adoption Studies
Infancy and Childhood
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Parenting Styles—Too Hard,
Too Soft, Too Uncaring, and Just Right?
Adolescence
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
Emerging Adulthood
Adulthood
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
CHAPTER 4
Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
Gender Development
How Are Males and Females Alike? How Do They Differ?
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Gender Bias in the
Workplace
The Nature of Gender
The Nurture of Gender
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Sexual Aggression
Human Sexuality
The Physiology of Sex
The Psychology of Sex
Sexual Orientation
Cultural Attitudes and Prevalence
Why Do We Differ?
An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality
Male-Female Differences in Sexuality
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences
Critiquing the Evolutionary Perspective
Sex and Human Relationships
Reflections on the Nature and Nurture of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
CHAPTER 5
Sensation and Perception
Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
From Outer Energy to Inner Brain Activity
Thresholds
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Subliminal Sensation and
Subliminal Persuasion
Sensory Adaptation
Perceptual Set
Context, Motivation, and Emotion
Vision: Sensory and Perceptual Processing
Light Energy and Eye Structures
Information Processing in the Eye and Brain
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Interpretation
The Other Senses
Hearing
Touch
Taste
Smell
Body Position and Movement
ESP—Perception Without Sensation?
CHAPTER 6
Learning
How Do We Learn?
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov’s Experiments
Pavlov’s Legacy
Operant Conditioning
Skinner’s Experiments
Skinner’s Legacy
Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning
Biology, Cognition, and Learning
Biological Limits on Conditioning
Cognitive Influences on Conditioning
Learning by Observation
Mirrors and Imitation in the Brain
Observational Learning in Everyday Life
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Effects of Viewing
Media Violence
CHAPTER 7
Memory
Studying Memory
An Information-Processing Model
Building Memories: Encoding
Our Two-Track Memory System
Automatic Processing and Implicit Memories
Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories
Memory Storage
Retaining Information in the Brain
Synaptic Changes
Retrieval: Getting Information Out
Measuring Retention
Retrieval Cues
Forgetting
Forgetting and the Two-Track Mind
Encoding Failure
Storage Decay
Retrieval Failure
Memory Construction Errors
Misinformation and Imagination Effects
Source Amnesia
Recognizing False Memories
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Can Memories of
Childhood Sexual Abuse Be Repressed and Then Recovered?
Children’s Eyewitness Recall
Improving Memory
CHAPTER 8
Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Thinking
Concepts
Solving Problems
Making Good (and Bad) Decisions and Judgments
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Fear Factor
Thinking Creatively
Do Other Species Share Our Cognitive Skills?
Language
Language Acquisition and Development
The Brain and Language
Thinking Without Language
Do Other Species Have Language?
Intelligence
What Is Intelligence?
Assessing Intelligence
The Nature and Nurture of Intelligence
Intelligence Across the Life Span
Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
CHAPTER 9
Motivation and Emotion
Motivational Concepts
Drives and Incentives
Arousal Theory
A Hierarchy of Needs
Hunger
The Physiology of Hunger
The Psychology of Hunger
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Challenges of Obesity
and Weight Control
The Need to Belong
The Benefits of Belonging
The Pain of Being Shut Out
Connecting and Social Networking
Achievement Motivation
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
How Can We Motivate Personal Success?
Emotion: Arousal, Behavior, and Cognition
James-Lange Theory: Arousal Comes Before Emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory: Arousal and Emotion Happen at the Same
Time
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory: Arousal + Label = Emotion
Zajonc, LeDoux, and Lazarus: Emotion and the Two-Track Brain
Embodied Emotion
The Basic Emotions
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
The Physiology of Emotions
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Lie Detection
Expressed and Experienced Emotion
Detecting Emotion in Others
Culture and Emotion
The Effects of Facial Expressions
CHAPTER 10
Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
Stress: Some Basic Concepts
Stressors—Things That Push Our Buttons
Stress Reactions—From Alarm to Exhaustion
Stress Effects and Health
Stress and Cancer
Stress and Heart Disease
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Stress and Health
Coping With Stress
Personal Control, Health, and Well-Being
Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?
Social Support
Finding Meaning
Managing Stress Effects
Aerobic Exercise
Relaxation and Meditation
Faith Communities and Health
Happiness
The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
Can Money Buy Happiness?
Predictors of Happiness
CHAPTER 11
Social Psychology
What Is Social Psychology’s Focus?
Social Thinking
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Attitudes and Actions
Persuasion
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: How to Be Persuasive
Social Influence
Conformity and Obedience
Group Influence
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Internet as Social
Amplifier
Social Relations
Prejudice
Aggression
Attraction
Altruism
From Conflict to Peace
CHAPTER 12
Personality
What Is Personality?
Psychodynamic Theories
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective: Exploring the Unconscious
The Neo-Freudian and Later Psychodynamic Theorists
Assessing Unconscious Processes
Evaluating Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective and Modern Views
of the Unconscious
Humanistic Theories
Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person
Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Perspective
Assessing the Self
Evaluating Humanistic Theories
Trait Theories
Exploring Traits
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Stigma of Introversion
Assessing Traits
The Big Five Factors
Evaluating Trait Theories
Social-Cognitive Theories
Reciprocal Influences
Assessing Behavior in Situations
Evaluating Social-Cognitive Theories
Exploring the Self
The Benefits of Self-Esteem
Self-Serving Bias
Culture and the Self
CHAPTER 13
Psychological Disorders
What Is a Psychological Disorder?
Defining Psychological Disorders
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: ADHD—Normal High
Energy or Disordered Behavior?
Understanding Psychological Disorders
Classifying Disorders—and Labeling People
Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
Substance Use Disorders
Tolerance and Addiction
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Tolerance and Addiction
Types of Psychoactive Drugs
Understanding Substance Use Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Understanding Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Onset and Development of Schizophrenia
Understanding Schizophrenia
Other Disorders
Eating Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Personality Disorders
Risk of Harm to Self and Others
Understanding Suicide
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Does Disorder Equal Danger?
CHAPTER 14
Therapy
Treating Psychological Disorders
The Psychological Therapies
Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Group and Family Therapies
Evaluating Psychotherapies
Is Psychotherapy Effective?
Which Psychotherapies Work Best?
How Do Psychotherapies Help People?
How Does Our Diversity Influence Psychotherapy?
Finding a Mental Health Professional
The Biomedical Therapies
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Therapeutic Lifestyle
Change
Drug Therapies
Brain Stimulation
Psychosurgery
Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience
Preventive Mental Health
Building Resilience
APPENDIXES
A Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life
B Psychology at Work
C Career Fields in Psychology
D Complete Chapter Reviews
E Answers to the Retrieve & Remember and Chapter Test Questions
F The Story of Psychology: A Timeline
Glossary
Glosario
References
Name Index
Subject Index