Contents
Contributors xi
Part One Introduction 1
1 Sustainability in fashion and textiles: A survey from developing country 3
Rajkishore Nayak, Tarun Panwar and Long Van Thang Nguyen
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Chapter design and preparation 4
1.3 Sustainable fashion and textile 6
1.4 Environmental sustainability 9
1.5 Reduce, recycle, and reuse 17
1.6 Research findings from survey 20
1.7 Conclusions 24
References 25
Part Two Sustainable technologies in yarn and fabric
manufacturing 31
2 Sustainability in yarn manufacturing 33
Ashvani Goyal and Rajkishore Nayak
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Environmental impact of yarn manufacturing 34
2.3 Sustainable practises in yarn manufacturing 36
2.4 Waste management in spinning 49
2.5 Recent trends in energy usage 50
2.6 Conclusions 52
References 53
3 Sustainability in fabric manufacturing 57
Ajit Kumar Pattanayak
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Fabric manufacturing 58
3.3 Energy consumption in fabric manufacturing 63
3.4 Energy conservation techniques in fabric manufacturing 65
3.5 Noise pollution and its control in fabric manufacturing 68
3.6 Solid waste problem 69
3.7 Wastewater generation and its control in fabric manufacturing 69
3.8 Conclusions 70
References 71
Part Three Sustainable technologies in chemical processing 73
4 Introduction to enzymes 75
Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Enzymes: Definition and types 76
4.3 Functioning of enzymes 81
4.4 Conclusions 87
References 88
5 Enzyme applications in textile chemical processing 91
Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 Textile applications of enzymes 91
5.3 Conclusions and future trends 110
References 111
6 Plasma technology in fashion and textiles 117
Andrea Zille
6.1 Introduction 117
6.2 Plasma in textile dyeing and printing processes 119
6.3 Improving textiles hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity by plasma 120
6.4 Other applications and barriers 133
6.5 Conclusions 134
References 135
7 Ultrasound applications in textiles and apparels 143
Lalit Jajpura and Rajkishore Nayak
7.1 Introduction 143
7.2 Phenomenon of cavitation 145
7.3 Ultrasound equipment 147
7.4 Applications of ultrasound in various industries 147
7.5 Applications of ultrasound in textile wet processing 148
7.6 Conclusions 156
References 157
8 Application of laser technology 163
On-na Hung, Chee-kooi Chan, Chun-wah Marcus Yuen
and Chi-wai Kan
8.1 Introduction 163
8.2 Introduction of laser 164
8.3 Application of laser technology 170
8.4 Laser application in fashion and textile industry 173
8.5 Application of CO2 laser in textile industry 176
8.6 Artificial neural network prediction of color properties of
laser-treated fabric 181
8.7 Conclusions 182
8.8 Acknowledgments 182
References 183
9 Natural colorants and its recent developments 189
Saminathan Ratnapandian
9.1 Introduction 189
9.2 Textile coloration 190
9.3 Dyes 190
9.4 Fabric coloration 195
9.5 Advancements in natural dyeing 195
9.6 Nontextile applications 202
9.7 Conclusions 203
References 203
10 Natural finishes, technologies and recent developments 209
Lalit Jajpura, Abhilasha Rangi and Asimananda Khandual
10.1 Introduction 209
10.2 Natural finishes 210
10.3 Major natural finishing agents 211
10.4 Application techniques 223
10.5 Recent developments in natural finishes 224
10.6 Conclusions 225
References 225
Part Four Sustainability in garment manufacturing 231
11 Sustainable technologies and processes adapted by fashion brands 233
Rajkishore Nayak, Long Van Thang Nguyen, Tarun Panwar
and Lalit Jajpura
11.1 Introduction 233
11.2 Sustainable materials 234
11.3 Sustainable technologies 241
11.4 Conclusions and future directions 247
References 247
Part Five Sustainable materials and recycling of
textile wastes 249
12 Recycling of end-of-life clothes 251
Nattha Pensupa
12.1 Introduction 251
12.2 Quantity of waste generated from the textile industry 252
12.3 Textile waste management 263
12.4 Current situation of textile recycling (global scenario) 282
12.5 Textile recycling technologies 290
12.6 Factors influencing fabric waste recycling process 296
12.7 Fabric wastes valorization 297
12.8 Challenge of textile recycling 302
12.9 Conclusions 303
References 304
13 Recycling of plastics into textile raw materials and products 311
Cyrus A. Tshifularo and Asis Patnaik
13.1 Introduction 311
13.2 Plastic recycling methods 315
13.3 Life cycle analysis 322
13.4 Recent developments 322
13.5 Conclusions 324
References 325
14 Sustainable approaches in effluent treatment: Recent developments
in the fashion manufacturing 327
Sonica Sondhi
14.1 Introduction 327
14.2 Textile dyes used in the market 328
14.3 Textile wastewater treatment 328
14.4 Physical methods 332
14.5 Chemical methods 333
14.6 Biological methods 335
14.7 Hybrid methods 337
14.8 Conclusions and future prospective 339
References 339
15 Sustainable raw materials: 50 shades of sustainability 343
Saniyat Islam
15.1 Introduction 343
15.2 Definition of fashion 344
15.3 Defining sustainability in the context of fashion 346
15.4 Raw materials 347
15.5 Natural fibers 347
15.6 Protein fibers 348
15.7 Man-made fibers 349
15.8 Regenerated fibers 349
15.9 Ecological footprint of the fibers 350
15.10 Garment lifecycle 351
15.11 Problems associated in textile recycling 351
15.12 Fashion and textilesda chemical heavy industry 353
15.13 The opaque, transparent, and translucent scale 354
15.14 Conclusions and future trends 355
References 356
Index 359