Contemporary World History, Seventh Edition
By William J. Duiker
Detailed Contents:
Historical Voices: Documents xiv
Maps xvi
Features xvii
Preface xviii
Themes for Understanding World History xxii
Part I
New World in the Making 1
1 T he Rise of Industrial Society
in the West 2
1-1 The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain 3
1-2 The Spread of the Industrial Revolution 4
1-2a The Pace Quickens 4
1-3 The Emergence of a Mass Society 7
1-3a Social Structures 7
1-3b Changing Roles for Women 8
HISTORICAL VOICES
Discipline in the New Factories 9
Com parative Illustration
The Dual Face of the Industrial Revolution 10
HISTORICAL VOICES
A Plea for Women’s Rights 11
MOVIES & HISTORY
Suffragette (2015) 12
1-4 Reaction and Revolution: The Decline of the
Old Order 12
1-4a Liberalism and Nationalism 12
1-4b The Revolutions of 1848 13
1-4c The Unifications of Italy and Germany 13
1-4d Roots of Revolution in Russia 14
1-4e The Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the
Balkans 15
1-5 The Triumph of Liberalism in the West 16
1-5a The United States and Canada 17
1-5b Tradition and Change in Latin America 17
1-6 The Rise of the Socialist Movement 19
1-6a The Rise of Marxism 20
1-6b Capitalism in Transition 20
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Classless Society 21
1-7 Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual
and Cultural Developments 22
1-7a Developments in the Sciences: The Emergence of a
New Physics 22
1-7b Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution 23
1-7c Sigmund Freud and the Emergence of
Psychoanalysis 23
1-7d Literature and the Arts: The Culture of
Modernity 23
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Theory of Evolution 24
MAKING CONNECTIONS ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 26
2 T he High Tide of Imperialism:
Africa and Asia in an Era of
Western Dominance 28
2-1 The Spread of Colonial Rule 29
2-1a The Myth of European Superiority 29
2-1b The Advent of Western Imperialism 30
2-2 The Colonial System 31
2-2a The Philosophy of Colonialism 31
2-3 India Under the British Raj 32
Opposing View points
White Man’s Burden, Black Man’s Sorrow 33
2-3a The Nature of British Rule 34
MOVIES & HISTORY
A Passage to India (1984) 36
2-4 The Colonial Takeover of Southeast Asia 36
2-4a The Imposition of Colonial Rule 36
2-4b Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia 38
Com parative Illustration
Cultural Influences, East and West 39
2-5 Empire Building in Africa 40
2-5a Africa Before Imperialism 41
2-5b The Growing European Presence in West
Africa 41
HISTORICAL VOICES
Tragedy at Caffard Cove 42
2-5c Imperialist Shadow over the Nile 43
2-5d The Scramble for Africa 43
2-5e Bantus, Boers, and British in South Africa 45
2-5f Colonialism in Africa 46
2-6 Patterns of Resistance to Colonial Conquest 47
2-6a Opposition to Colonial Rule in Africa 47
Opposing View points
To Resist or Not to Resist 48
2-6b The Sepoy Uprising 49
2-6c The Path of Collaboration 50
2-6d Imperialism: Drawing Up the Balance Sheet 50
MAKING CONNECTIONS ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 51
3 Shadows over the Pacific:
East Asia Under Challenge 53
3-1 China at Its Apex 54
3-1a Changeless China? 54
3-2 Traditional China in Transition 56
3-2a Opium and Rebellion 56
3-2b The Taiping Rebellion 56
3-2c Efforts at Reform 58
Opposing View points
Practical Learning or Confucian Essence:
The Debate over Reform 58
3-2d The Climax of Imperialism in China 59
3-2e The Collapse of the Old Order 60
HISTORICAL VOICES
Program for a New China 62
3-3 Chinese Society in Transition 63
3-3a The Impact of Western Imperialism 63
3-3b Daily Life in Qing China 63
3-3c Changing Roles for Women 64
3-4 Traditional Japan and the End of Isolation 65
3-4a A “Closed Country” 65
3-4b The Opening of Japan 66
3-5 Rich Country, Strong Army 67
3-5a The Transformation of Japanese Politics 67
3-5b Meiji Economics 68
3-5c Building a Modern Social Structure 68
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Rules of Good Citizenship in Meiji Japan 69
3-5d Joining the Imperialist Club 70
3-5e Japanese Culture in Transition 71
MAKING CONNECTIONS ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 72
Part I REFLECTIONS 74
Part II
cultures in collision 77
4 War and Revolution: World War I
and Its Aftermath 78
4-1 The Coming of War 79
4-1a Rising Tensions in Europe 79
4-1b Crisis in the Balkans, 1908–1913 79
4-1c The Outbreak of War 80
4-2 The World at War 80
4-2a Illusions of Victory, 1914–1915 81
4-2b The Great Slaughter, 1916–1917 81
4-2c The Widening of the War 83
Opposing View points
The Excitement and the Reality of War 84
MOVIES & HISTORY
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) 85
4-2d The Home Front: The Impact of Total War 86
4-2e The Last Year of the War 86
HISTORICAL VOICES
Women in the Factories 87
4-3 The Peace Settlement 88
4-3a The Vision of Woodrow Wilson 88
4-3b The Treaty of Versailles 89
4-4 Revolution in Russia 90
4-4a The March Uprising 90
4-4b The Bolshevik Revolution 91
HISTORICAL VOICES
All Power to the Soviets! 92
4-4c The Civil War 93
4-5 An Uncertain Peace 94
4-5a The Search for Security 94
4-5b A Return to Normalcy? 96
4-5c The Great Depression 97
4-5d Building Socialism in Soviet Russia 98
4-6 The Search for a New Reality in the Arts 101
4-6a New Schools of Artistic Expression 101
4-6b Culture for the Masses 102
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER Timeline ● CHAPTER
NOTES 103
5 Nationalism, Revolution, and
Dictatorship: Asia, the Middle East,
and Latin America 1919 –1939 105
5-1 The Spread of Nationalism in Asia and the
Middle East 106
5-1a Stirrings of Nationhood 106
5-1b Modern Nationalism 107
5-1c Gandhi and the Indian National Congress 108
MOVIES & HISTORY
Gandhi (1982) 109
5-1d Revolt in the Middle East 110
Com parative Illustration
Masters and Disciples 111
Opposing View points
Islam in the Modern World: Two Views 113
5-1e Nationalism and Revolution 116
5-2 Revolution in China 117
5-2a Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy: The New Culture
Movement 117
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Path of Liberation 118
5-2b The Nanjing Republic 119
HISTORICAL VOICES
A Call for Revolt 121
5-2c “Down with Confucius and Sons”: Economic, Social,
and Cultural Change in Republican China 122
HISTORICAL VOICES
An Arranged Marriage 124
5-3 Japan Between the Wars 125
5-3a Experiment in Democracy 125
5-3b A Zaibatsu Economy 125
5-3c Shidehara Diplomacy 126
5-3d Taisho Democracy: An Aberration? 126
5-4 Nationalism and Dictatorship in Latin
America 127
5-4a A Changing Economy 127
5-4b The Effects of Dependency 128
5-4c Latin American Culture 130
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER Timeline ● Chapter
Notes 131
6 T he Crisis Deepens: The Outbreak of
World War II 133
6-1 The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes 134
6-1a The Birth of Fascism 134
6-1b Hitler and Nazi Germany 135
MOVIES & HISTORY
Triumph of the Will (1934) 136
6-1c The Spread of Authoritarianism in Europe 137
6-1d The Rise of Militarism in Japan 138
6-2 The Path to War in Europe 139
6-2a Stalin Seeks a United Front 139
6-2b Decision at Munich 140
Opposing View points
The Munich Conference 141
6-3 The Path to War in Asia 142
6-3a A Monroe Doctrine for Asia 142
6-3b Tokyo’s “Southern Strategy” 143
HISTORICAL VOICES
Japan’s Justification for Expansion 144
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Four Freedoms 145
6-4 The World at War 145
6-4a The War in Europe 146
6-4b The New Order in Europe 148
6-4c War Spreads in Asia 149
6-4d The New Order in Asia 151
6-4e The Turning Point of the War, 1942–1943 152
6-4f The Last Years of the War 152
6-5 The Peace Settlement in Europe 154
6-5a The Yalta Agreement 154
6-5b Confrontation at Potsdam 154
Com parative Illustration
The Bombing of Civilians in World War II 156
6-5c The War in the Pacific Ends 156
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER Timeline ● Chapter
Notes 157
Part II reflections 160
Part III
Across the Ideological Divide 163
7 East and West in the Grip of the
Cold War 164
7-1 The Collapse of the Grand Alliance 165
7-1a The Iron Curtain Descends 165
7-1b The Truman Doctrine and the Beginnings of
Containment 166
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Truman Doctrine 167
7-1c Europe Divided 168
7-2 Cold War in Asia 171
7-2a The Chinese Civil War 171
7-2b Red Star Rising: The New China 173
Com parative Illustration
Friends and Enemies 174
7-2c The Korean War 175
7-2d Conflict in Indochina 175
7-3 From Confrontation to Coexistence 176
7-3a Khrushchev and the Era of Peaceful
Coexistence 177
Opposing View points
Peaceful Coexistence or People’s War? 178
MOVIES & HISTORY
Bridge of Spies (2015) 180
7-3b The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Move Toward
Détente 180
7-3c The Sino-Soviet Dispute 181
7-3d The Second Indochina War 181
Opposing View points
Confrontation in Southeast Asia 183
Com parative Illustration
War in the Rice Paddies 184
7-4 An Era of Equivalence 185
7-4a An End to Détente? 186
7-4b Countering the Evil Empire 186
7-4c Toward a New World Order 187
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● Chapter Timeline ● Chapter
Notes 188
8 T he United States, Canada,
and Latin America 190
8-1 The United States Since 1945 191
8-1a An Era of Prosperity and Social Commitment 191
HISTORICAL VOICES
From Dream to Reality 194
8-1b America Shifts to the Right 195
8-1c Seizing the Political Center 196
8-1d Making America Great Again? 198
8-2 The Changing Face of American Society 199
8-2a A Consumer Society, a Permissive Society 199
8-2b The Melting Pot in Action 200
8-2c The Struggle for Sexual Equality 201
HISTORICAL VOICES
Escaping the Doll’s House 202
8-2d The Environment 203
HISTORICAL VOICES
An Early Warning 205
8-2e Science and Technology 206
8-3 The World of Culture 206
8-3a Art and Architecture 207
8-3b New Concepts in Music 207
8-3c New Trends in Literature 207
8-3d Popular Culture 208
8-4 Canada: In the Shadow of Goliath 208
8-4a Society and Culture: The Canadian Difference 209
8-5 Democracy, Dictatorship, and Development in
Latin America Since 1945 210
8-5a An Era of Dependency 210
Com parative Illustration
Shifting Patterns of Religious Belief in Latin
America 212
8-5b Nationalism and the Military: The Examples of
Argentina and Brazil 213
8-5c The Mexican Way 215
8-5d The Leftist Variant 215
8-5e Trends in Latin American Culture 217
MAKING CONNECTIONS ● Reflection
Questions ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 218
9 Brave New World: The Rise and Fall
of Communism in the Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe 220
9-1 The Postwar Soviet Union 221
9-1a From Stalin to Khrushchev 221
9-1b The Brezhnev Years, 1964–1982 223
HISTORICAL VOICES
Khrushchev Denounces Stalin 224
HISTORICAL VOICES
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 226
9-2 Ferment in Eastern Europe 227
9-2a Unrest in Poland 228
9-2b The Hungarian Uprising 228
9-2c The Prague Spring 229
9-2d The Persistence of Stalinism in East
Germany 229
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Brezhnev Doctrine 230
MOVIES & HISTORY
The Lives of Others (2006) 231
9-3 Culture and Society in the Soviet Bloc 232
9-3a Cultural Expression 232
9-3b Social Changes in Eastern Europe 233
9-3c Women in the Soviet Bloc 234
9-4 The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire 234
9-4a The Gorbachev Era 234
Com parative Illustration
Sideline Industries: Creeping Capitalism in a Socialist
Paradise 235
9-4b Eastern Europe: From Soviet Satellites to Sovereign
Nations 236
HISTORICAL VOICES
Vaclav Havel: A Call for a New Politics 237
9-4c End of Empire 238
9-5 The New Russia: From Empire to Nation 239
9-5a The Putin Era 240
9-5b Russia Under the New Tsar 241
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 244
10 Postwar Europe: On the Path
to Unity? 246
10-1 Western Europe: Recovery and Renewal 247
10-1a The Triumph of Democracy in Postwar
Europe 247
10-1b The Integration of Europe 248
10-2 The Modern Welfare State: Three European
Models 249
10-2a France 249
10-2b Germany: Across the Cold War Divide 252
10-2c Great Britain 254
HISTORICAL VOICES
Manifesto for Germany 255
MOVIES & HISTORY
The Iron Lady (2011) 256
10-3 Eastern Europe After the Fall of the Iron
Curtain 258
10-3a Tragedy in the Balkans: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia 258
10-4 Western Europe: The Search for Unity 260
10-4a The Curtain Rises: The Creation of the Common
Market 260
10-4b The European Union 261
10-4c Plans for Expansion: A Bridge Too Far? 261
HISTORICAL VOICES
Toward a United Europe 262
10-5 Aspects of Society in Postwar Europe 263
10-5a An Age of Affluence 263
10-5b Rethinking the Welfare State 264
10-5c Beware of Greeks Seeking Gifts 265
10-5d Democracy Under Stress 265
10-5e Social Changes: A Transvaluation of Values? 266
10-5f Expanding Roles for Women 267
10-5g The Environment 268
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Voice of the Women’s Liberation Movement 269
10-6 Aspects of Culture in Postwar Europe 269
10-6a Postwar Literature 269
Comparative Illustration
Cleaning Up the Environment 270
10-6b Music and the Arts 271
making connections ● Reflection
Questions ● Chapter Timeline ● Chapter
Notes 272
Part III reflections 274
Part Iv
Third World Rising 277
11 Toward the Pacific Century?
Japan and the Little Tigers 278
11-1 Japan: Asian Giant 279
11-1a The Occupation Era 279
11-1b The Transformation of Modern Japan: Politics
and Government 280
HISTORICAL VOICES
Japan Renounces War 281
11-1c The Economy 282
11-1d A Society in Transition 284
HISTORICAL VOICES
Growing Up in Japan 285
Com parative Illustration
From Conformity to Counterculture 286
11-1e Religion and Culture 287
11-1f The Japanese Difference 288
11-2 Taiwan: The Other China 288
11-2a From Dictatorship to Democracy 289
11-2b Crafting a Taiwanese Identity 290
11-3 Korea: A Peninsula Divided 290
11-3a The Korean Model 291
11-3b South Korea: The Little Tiger with Sharp Teeth 292
11-4 Singapore and Hong Kong: The Littlest Tigers 292
11-4a The East Asian Miracle: Fact or Myth? 294
HISTORICAL VOICES
Return to the Motherland 295
11-5 On the Margins of Asia: Postwar Australia and
New Zealand 296
MAKING CONNECTIONS ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 296
12 T he East Is Red: China Under Communism 298
12-1 China Under Mao Zedong 299
12-1a New Democracy 299
12-1b The Transition to Socialism 299
12-1c The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 300
MOVIES & HISTORY
The Last Emperor (1987) 301
HISTORICAL VOICES
Make Revolution! 302
12-2 From Mao to Deng 303
12-2a The Four Modernizations 303
12-2b Incident at Tiananmen Square 304
12-2c Riding the Tiger 304
Opposing View points
Students Appeal for Democracy 305
12-2d Back to Confucius? 306
12-3 Serve the People: Chinese Society Under
Communism 308
12-3a The Politics of the Mass Line 309
12-3b Economics in Command 309
12-3c Chinese Society in Flux 312
HISTORICAL VOICES
Love and Marriage in China 314
Com parative Illustration
Then and Now: Changing Clothing Styles
in China 315
12-4 China’s Changing Culture 316
12-4a Culture in a Revolutionary Era 316
12-4b Art and Architecture 316
12-4c Literature 317
12-4d Confucius and Marx: What Explains the Tenacity
of Tradition in China? 317
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 318
13 Nationalism Triumphant: The Emergence of Independent States in
South and Southeast Asia 321
13-1 South Asia 322
13-1a The End of the British Raj 322
13-1b Independent India 322
Opposing View points
Two Visions for India 323
13-1c The Land of the Pure: Pakistan Since Independence 325
13-1d Poverty and Pluralism in South Asia 326
HISTORICAL VOICES
Say No to McDonald’s and KFC! 328
Com parative Illustration
Two Indias 330
13-1e South Asian Literature Since Independence 331
13-1f What Is the Future of India? 331
HISTORICAL VOICES
A Marriage of Convenience 332
13-2 Southeast Asia 333
13-2a The End of the Colonial Era 333
13-2b In the Shadow of the Cold War 333
13-2c Southeast Asia in the New Millennium 335
HISTORICAL VOICES
The Golden Throat of President Sukarno 336
MOVIES & HISTORY
The Year of Living Dangerously (1983) 337
13-2d Regional Conflict and Cooperation: The Rise of
ASEAN 339
13-2e Daily Life: Town and Country in Contemporary
Southeast Asia 340
13-2f Cultural Trends 341
13-2g A Region in Flux 342
MAKING CONNECTIONS ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 343
14 Emerging Africa 345
14-1 Uhuru: The Struggle for Independence
in Africa 346
14-1a The Colonial Legacy 346
14-1b The Rise of Nationalism 347
14-2 The Era of Independence 349
14-2a The Destiny of Africa: Unity or Diversity? 349
HISTORICAL VOICES
Toward African Unity 350
14-2b Dream and Reality: Political and Economic
Conditions in Independent Africa 350
HISTORICAL VOICES
Stealing the Nation’s Riches 351
14-2c The Search for Solutions 353
HISTORICAL VOICES
Socialism Is Not Racialism 354
14-2d Africa: A Continent in Flux 356
Com parative Illustration
New Housing for the Poor 358
14-3 Continuity and Change in Modern African
Societies 358
14-3a Education 359
14-3b Urban and Rural Life 359
14-3c Religious Belief 360
14-3d African Women 360
14-3e African Culture 361
Opposing View points
Africa: Dark Continent or Radiant Land? 363
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● CHAPTER TIMELINE ● CHAPTER
NOTES 365
15 Ferment in the Middle East 367
15-1 Crescent of Conflict 368
HISTORICAL VOICES
I Accuse! 369
15-1a The Question of Palestine 370
15-1b Nasser and Pan-Arabism 370
Opposing View points
The Arab and the Jewish Case for Palestine 371
15-1c The Arab-Israeli Dispute 373
15-1d Revolution in Iran 375
MOVIES & HISTORY
Persepolis (2007) 377
15-1e Crisis in the Persian Gulf 378
15-1f Turmoil in the Middle East 379
15-2 Society and Culture in the Contemporary
Middle East 381
15-2a Varieties of Government: The Politics of
Islam 381
15-2b The Economics of the Middle East: Oil and
Sand 382
HISTORICAL VOICES
Islam and Democracy 383
Com parative Illustration
From Rags to Riches in the Middle East 384
15-2c The Islamic Revival 385
15-2d Women in the Middle East 386
15-2e Literature and Art 387
HISTORICAL VOICES
Keeping the Camel Out of the Tent 388
making connections ● CHAPTER
Timeline ● Chapter Notes ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS 389
Part IV reflections 391
Part v
The New Millennium 395
16 T he Challenge of a New
Millennium 396
16-1 After the Cold War: The Revenge of History 397
16-2 Contemporary Capitalism and Its
Discontents 398
16-2a The View from the Top 398
16-2b Life on the Margins of Capitalism 401
HISTORICAL VOICES
Women on the Front Lines of Development 403
HISTORICAL VOICES
Migration and Climate Change 406
16-3 From the Industrial to the Technological
Revolution 407
16-3a Is Technology a Magic Wand? 409
16-4 Democracy in Crisis 410
16-4a Europe Today: Nationalism Redux 411
16-4b The Making of Two Americas 412
16-5 A Transvaluation of Values: Social Change in the Technological Era 413
16-5a Family and Society 413
16-5b Religion: A Matter of Faith 414
16-5c Technology and Society 416
16-6 One World, One Environment 417
16-6a A Nightmare Scenario 419
16-6b Facing the Prospect of Climate Change 419
16-6c The Debate over Global Warming 420
16-6d Population Growth and the Environment 421
HISTORICAL VOICES
The UN Raises the Alarm 422
16-7 The Arts: Mirror of the Age 423
making connections ● REFLECTION
QUESTIONS ● Chapter Timeline ● Chapter
Notes 424
Glossary 429
Index 435