Psychology, Thirteenth Edition
By David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall
Contents:
Instructor Preface
Student Preface: Student Success—How to Apply Psychology to Live Your Best Life
PROLOGUE
The Story of Psychology
What Is Psychology?
Psychology Is a Science
Critical Thinking
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Scientific Attitude
Psychological Science Is Born
Psychological Science Matures
Contemporary Psychology
Use Psychology to Become a Stronger Person—and a Better Student
CHAPTER 1
Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions
The Need for Psychological Science
Psychological Science in a Post-Truth World
The Scientific Method
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Correlation and Causation
Psychology’s Research Ethics
Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life
Describing Data
Significant Differences
CHAPTER 2
The Biology of Mind
Neural and Hormonal Systems
Biology, Behavior, and Mind
The Power of Plasticity
Neural Communication
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System
Tools of Discovery, Older Brain Structures, and the Limbic System
The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined
Older Brain Structures
The Limbic System
The Cerebral Cortex
Structure of the Cortex
Functions of the Cortex
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Do We Use Only 10 Percent of Our Brain?
Responses to Damage
The Divided Brain
CHAPTER 3
Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
Basic Consciousness Concepts
Defining Consciousness
Cognitive Neuroscience
Selective Attention
Dual Processing: The Two-Track Mind
Sleep and Dreams
Biological Rhythms and Sleep
Why Do We Sleep?
Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders
Dreams
Drugs and Consciousness
Tolerance and Addiction in Substance Use Disorders
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Tolerance and Addiction
Types of Psychoactive Drugs
Influences on Drug Use
CHAPTER 4
Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Genes: Our Codes for Life
Twin and Adoption Studies
Temperament and Heredity
Heritability
Gene–Environment Interaction
Evolutionary Psychology: Explaining Human Nature and Nurture
Natural Selection and Adaptation
Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities
An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality
Cultural and Gender Diversity: Understanding Nature and Nurture
How Does Experience Influence Development?
Cultural Influences
Gender Development
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Gender Bias in the Workplace
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Sexual Aggression
Reflections on Nature, Nurture, and Their Interaction
CHAPTER 5
Developing Through the Life Span
Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn
Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Infancy and Childhood
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Parenting Styles—Too Hard, Too Soft, Too
Uncaring, and Just Right?
Adolescence
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
Emerging Adulthood
Adulthood
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
CHAPTER 6
Sensation and Perception
Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
Processing Sensations and Perceptions
Transduction
Thresholds
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Subliminal Sensation and Subliminal
Persuasion
Sensory Adaptation
Perceptual Set
Context, Motivation, and Emotion
Vision: Sensory and Perceptual Processing
Light Energy and Eye Structures
Information Processing in the Eye and Brain
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Interpretation
The Nonvisual Senses
Hearing
The Other Senses
Sensory Interaction
ESP—Perception Without Sensation?
CHAPTER 7
Learning
Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning
How Do We Learn?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Skinner’s Experiments
Skinner’s Legacy
Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning
Biology, Cognition, and Learning
Biological Constraints on Conditioning
Cognition’s Influence on Conditioning
Learning by Observation
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Effects of Viewing Media Violence
CHAPTER 8
Memory
Studying and Encoding Memories
Studying Memory
Encoding Memories
Storing and Retrieving Memories
Memory Storage
Memory Retrieval
Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory
Forgetting
Memory Construction Errors
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Can Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Be Repressed and Then Recovered?
Improving Memory
CHAPTER 9
Thinking and Language
Thinking
Concepts
Problem Solving: Strategies and Obstacles
Forming Good (and Bad) Decisions and Judgments
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Fear Factor
Thinking Creatively
Do Other Species Share Our Cognitive Skills?
Language and Thought
Language Structure
Language Acquisition and Development
The Brain and Language
Do Other Species Have Language?
Thinking and Language
CHAPTER 10
Intelligence
What Is Intelligence?
Spearman and Thurstone’s Intelligence Theories
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Intelligence Theory
Theories of Multiple Intelligences
Emotional Intelligence
Intelligence Assessment and Dynamics
Early and Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
Principles of Test Construction
Extremes of Intelligence
Intelligence Across the Life Span
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Heredity and Intelligence
Environment and Intelligence
Gene–Environment Interactions
Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
CHAPTER 11
What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Belonging, and Achievement
Basic Motivational Concepts
Instincts and Evolutionary Theory
Drives and Incentives
Arousal Theory
A Hierarchy of Needs
Hunger
The Physiology of Hunger
The Psychology of Hunger
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Challenges of Obesity and Weight
Control
Sexual Motivation
The Physiology of Sex
The Psychology of Sex
Sexual Orientation
Sex and Human Relationships
Affiliation and Achievement
The Need to Belong
Achievement Motivation
CHAPTER 12
Emotions, Stress, and Health
Introduction to Emotion
Emotion: Arousal, Behavior, and Cognition
Embodied Emotion
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Lie Detection
Expressing Emotion
Detecting Emotion in Others
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Culture and Emotional Expression
The Effects of Facial Expressions
Experiencing Emotion
Anger
Happiness
Stress and Illness
Stress: Some Basic Concepts
Stress and Vulnerability to Disease
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Stress and Health
Health and Coping
Coping With Stress
Reducing Stress
CHAPTER 13
Social Psychology
Social Thinking
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Attitudes and Actions
Persuasion
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: How to Be Persuasive
Social Influence
Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Obedience: Following Orders
Lessons From the Conformity and Obedience Studies
Group Behavior
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Internet as Social Amplifier
Antisocial Relations
Prejudice
Aggression
Prosocial Relations
Attraction
Altruism
From Conflict to Peace
CHAPTER 14
Personality
Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories
What Is Personality?
Psychodynamic Theories
Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories
Humanistic Theories
Trait Theories
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Stigma of Introversion
Social-Cognitive Theories and the Self
Social-Cognitive Theories
Exploring the Self
CHAPTER 15
Psychological Disorders
Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Defining Psychological Disorders
Understanding Psychological Disorders
Classifying Disorders—and Labeling People
Risk of Harm to Self and Others
Rates of Psychological Disorders
Anxiety-Related Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Understanding Anxiety-Related Disorders
Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorders
Understanding Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorders
Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Onset and Development of Schizophrenia
Understanding Schizophrenia
Dissociative, Personality, and Eating Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Personality Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Intellectual Disability
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: ADHD—Normal High Energy or Disordered
Behavior?
CHAPTER 16
Therapy
Introduction to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies
Treating Psychological Disorders
Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Group and Family Therapies
Evaluating Psychotherapies
Is Psychotherapy Effective?
Which Psychotherapies Work Best?
How Do Psychotherapies Help People?
How Does Human Diversity Influence Psychotherapy?
Who Seeks Psychotherapy and Who Provides It?
What Are Some Important Ethical Principles in Psychotherapy?
The Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Therapeutic Lifestyle Change
Drug Therapies
Brain Stimulation
Psychosurgery
Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience
Appendix A: The Story of Psychology: A Timeline
Appendix B: Career Fields in Psychology
Appendix C: Psychology at Work
Appendix D: Complete Chapter Reviews
Appendix E: Answers to the Retrieval Practice and Master the Material Questions
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index