Management of Occupational Health and Safety, Eighth Edition
By E Kevin Kellaway, Lori Francis and Bernadette Gatien
Contents:
About the Series XXll
About the Authors
Preface xxv
Acknowledgments
PART 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter Learning Objectives 1
Opening Vignette: Bullied To Death? 2
What Is Occupational Health And Safety? 2
Terminology 3
OH&S Statistics 5
Historical Development of Modern Occupational Health and Safety 6
Historical Overview 6
Changing Perspectives on Risk and Liability 7
Developments in Canadian Legislation and OH&S Programs 8
Imperatives for Health and Safety 9
Economic Considerations 10
Legal Considerations 12
Moral Considerations 12
The Stakeholders 13
Government 13
Employers 15
Employees 15
Organized Labour 16
Barriers 16
Partnerships 17
Occupational Health and Safety Professionals 19
The Role of Human Resources 20
Safety Is Integrated in Other Human Resource Functions 20
Safety Requires Legislative Compliance 2 l
Safety Decreases Costs 21
Summary 22
Key Terms 22
Discussion Qiestions 23
Exercises 23
0 H&S in Action 24
Case Study 1: Production or Safety? 24
Case Study 2: Do We Need Health and Safety? 24
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 24
References 25
Chapter 2 Legislative Framework 2 9
Chapter Learning Objectives 29
Opening Vignette: Creative Sentences for OH&S Violations 30
OH&S and the Law 30
The Scope of 0 H&S Legislation 32
Occupational Health and Safety Acts 34
Stakeholder Duties and Responsibilities 35
Joint Health and Safety Committees 37
Work Refusals 3 9
Stop-Work Provisions 41
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System 41
Corporate Liability for OH&S Under the Criminal Code 42
Environmental Legislation 44
Transportation of Dangerous Goods 45
Summary 46
Key Terms 46
Discussion Qiestions 47
Exercises 47
OH&S in Action 47
Case Study 1: Workplace Tragedy 48
Case Study 2: Work Refusal at Regional Hospital 48
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 48
References 49
Chapter 3 Workers’ Compensation 52
Chapter Learning Objectives 52
Opening Vignette: Canada’s Hub for Worker’s Compensation
Information: The Association of Worker’s Compensation Boards 53
Introduction 53
Historical Roots 54
Workers’ Compensation in Canada 55
Administration and Responsibilities 55
Prevention 57
Compensation Rates and Methods 60
Medical Aid and Incident Prevention 62
Social Goals of Workers’ Compensation 63
Provision for Second Injuries 63
Rehabilitation 63
Occupational Diseases and Workplace Stress 65
Assessments 67
Experience Rating 70
Reporting Requirements 72
Noncompliance 72
Summary 77
Key Terms 77
Discussion Qiestions 77
Exercises 77
0 H&S in Action 78
Case Study 1: The Employer’s Duty 79
Case Study 2: A Stressful Job 79
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 79
References 80
PART2 HAZARDS AND AGENTS 81
Chapter4 Hazards, Risks, and Control 81
Chapter Learning Objectives 81
Opening Vignette: High Heels Are Workplace Hazards 82
Terminology 82
Risk Assessment 83
Hazard Identification 83
Risk Analysis 88
Risk Analysis Process 88
Types of Injuries and Illnesses 9 l
Risk Control 95
Hierarchy of Control 96
Summary 109
Key Terms 110
Discussion Qiestions 110
Exercises 111
OH&S in Action 112
Case Study 1: Industrial Hazard Assessment 112
Case Study 2: Danger in the Grocery Store 112
Case Study 3: Hazard Control 113
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 113
References 114
Chapter 5 Physical Agents 116
Chapter Learning Objectives 116
Opening Vignette: How Is Blue Light Affecting You? 117
Physical Agents in the Workplace 117
Radiation 117
Ionizing Radiation 118
Non-Ionizing Radiation 118
Controlling Radiation 119
Noise 120
Types of Hearing Loss 121
Noise Control 123
Vibration 125
Health Effects of Vibration 126
Controlling Vibration 128
Thermal Stress 129
Heat-Related illnesses 131
Cold Environments 132
Summary 134
Key Terms 135
Discussion Qpestions 135
Exercises 136
OH&S in Action 136
Case Study 1: Radiation 136
Case Study 2: Expensive Jewellery 137
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 137
Appendix: Hearing Protection Types or Classifications 139
References 140
Chapter 6 Biological and Chemical Agents 142
Chapter Learning Objectives 142
Opening Vignette: Take a Deep Breath 143
What Are Biohazards and Chemical Agents? 143
Biohazards 144
Chemical Agents 146
Toxicology: An Overview 148
Respiration (Inhalation) 149
Skin Absorption 151
Ingestion 151
Penetration 151
Characteristics and Properties of Solvents 152
Inorganic Solvents 15 5
Organic Solvents 15 5
Control of Exposures 156
Engi,neering Controls 156
Administrative Controls 158
Personal Protective Equipment (PPB) 164
Personal Hygiene Practices 165
Summary 165
Key Terms 166
Discussion Qyestions 166
Exercises 166
0 H&S in Action 167
Case Study 1: Firefighters and Cancer 167
Case Study 2: Unexpected Gas 167
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 168
References 168
Chapter 7 Psychosocial Hazards 169
Chapter Learning Objectives 169
Opening Vignette: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 170
Introduction 170
Stressors 172
Stressors in the Workplace 173
Stress 175
Stress Moderators 177
Strain 178
Psychological Strain 178
Physical Strain 178
Behavioural Strain l 79
Organizational Strain l 79
Recognizing, Assessing, and Managing Psychosocial Hazards 179
Primary Interventions 181
Secondary Interventions l 82
Tertiary Interventions l 82
Spotlight on a Stressor: Injustice at Work 182
Creating a Fair Workplace 184
Spotlight on a Stressor: Technology 184
Spotlight on a Stressor: Work-Family Conflict 185
Causes of Work- Family Conflict 188
Outcomes of Work-Family Conflict 188
Summary 189
Key Terms 190
Discussion Qyestions 190
Exercises 191
OH&S in Action 193
Case Study 1: A Stressful Job 193
Case Study 2: Technology at Work 193
Case Study 3: A Toxic Workplace 194
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 194
References 195
Chapter 8 Workplace Violence, Aggression, and Harassment 200
Chapter Learning Objectives 200
Opening Vignette: Workplace Harassment 201
Introduction 201
Defining Workplace Aggression and Violence 202
The Prevalence of Workplace Aggression 203
- Prevalence Data 203
Canadian Data 203
Sources of Workplace Violence 204
Prevalence by Source 206
Risk Factors for Workplace Aggression 207
SAV-T(l) and SAV-T(2): The Risk of Violence 207
Imminent Risk 208
Prevention 209
‘Jjpe I Violence 209
‘Jjpe II Violence 211
‘Jjpe III Violence 214
‘Jjpe IV Violence 215
Organizational Policies and Programs 215
Harassment and Bullying in the Workplace 217
Investigation of Specific Incidents 218
Respeciful Workplaces 219
Sexual Harassment 220
Sexual Harassment as a Health and Safety Issue 221
Summary 222
Key Terms 222
Discussion Qiestions 223
Exercises 223
0 H&S in Action 224
Case Study 1: Aggression Policy 224
Case Study 2: Addressing Inappropriate Email 224
Case Study 3: Offsite Harassment 225
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 225
References 226
PART3
Chapter9
I T RV NTIONS 230
Training 230
Chapter Learning Objectives 230
Opening Vignette: The Need for Training 231
Introduction 231
The Role of Occupational Health and Safety Training 233
Health and Safety Training Programs 235
Needs Analysis 235
Training Design and Delivery 240
Training Evaluation 246
Common Safety Training Initiatives 249
Safety Orientation 24 9
First-Aid Training 249
WHMIS Training 250
Summary 250
Key Terms 251
Discussion Qiestions 251
Exercises 251
OH&S in Action 253
Case Study 1: The New HR Manager at Al Manufacturing 253
Case Study 2: A Young Worker’s Qiandary 253
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 254
References 254
Chapter 10 Motivation and Safety Management Systems 257
Chapter Learning Objectives 257
Opening Vignette: Borger Group of Companies: Safety Comes First 258
Introduction 258
Safety Behaviour 259
Motivating Safety Behaviour 261
Reinforcement Theory 261
Goal Setting 264
Self-Determination Theory 265
Increasing Opportunity for Safety Behaviour 267
Management Commitment to OH&S 267
Organizational Health and Safety Management Systems 271
Summary 277
Key Terms 277
Discussion Qiestions 277
Exercises 278
0 H&S in Action 279
Case Study 1: Noncompliance with Safety Standards 279
Case Study 2: Safety in the Bakery 280
Case Study 3: Working to Change Safety 280
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 280
References 281
Chapter 11 Emergency Planning 287
Chapter Learning Objectives 287
Opening Vignette: Emergency Plans 288
Introduction 288
Emergency Preparedness 290
Precontact 2 91
Contact 296
Postcontact 301
Getting Back to Normal 302
Summary 303
Key Terms 303
Discussion Qiestions 303
Exercises 304
OH&S in Action 304
Case Study: Biological Terrorism 304
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 305
References 305
Chapter 12 Incident Investigation 307
Chapter Learning Objectives 307
Opening Vignette: Workplace Fatality Investigation 308
Rationale for Incident Investigation 308
Critical Factors in the Investigative Process 309
Timing 309
Severity 309
Legal Requirements 3 l 0
Types oflnformation Collected 311
Human Factors 311
Situational Factors 312
Environmental Factors 313
W’ho Investigates? 313
Investigative Methods 313
Observations or Walkthroughs 314
Interviews 314
Re-Enactments 316
Investigative Tools 317
Incident Reports 317
Incident Analysis 318
The Swiss Cheese Model 321
The Psychology oflncidents: Cognitive Failures 322
Summary 323
Key Terms 323
Discussion Qiestions 323
Exercises 324
OH&S in Action 324
Case Study 1: Incident Investigation 324
Case Study 2: Office Incident 325
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 325
Appendix: Incident Report Forms 326
References 335
Chapter 13 Disability Management and
Return to Work 336
Chapter Learning Objectives 336
Opening Vignette: Return to Work: High-Profile Style 337
Motives for Disability Management 338
Financial Motives 338
Moral and Social Motives 339
Legal Motives 339
Disability Management 342
Assessing Disability Management Programs 342
Best Practices in Disability Management 343
Return-to-Work Planning 346
Work Accommodation 347
Physical Demands Anaysis 349
Functional Ability Assessment 349
Stakeholders in Disability Management 349
Barriers to Return to Work 351
Summary 353
Key Terms 354
Discussion Qiestions 354
Exercises 3 54
OH&S in Action 355
Case Study 1: Forgotten Orders: A Case of Memory Impairment in a
Restaurant 355
Case Study 2: Out of Contact at Widgit 356
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 356
References 357
Chapter 14 Workplace Wellness: Work-Family and Health
Promotion Programs 362
Chapter Leaming Objectives 362
Opening Vignette: Snoozing on the Job: Not Such a Bad Idea
After All? 363
Workplace Wellness Initiatives 364
Work-Family Conflict: Family-Friendly Policies in the Workplace 365
Fami{y-Friend{y Policies 366
Family-Friendly Policies: An Evaluation 369
Health Promotion Programs 372
Employee and Famiry Assistance Programs (EFAPs) 372
Stress Management Programs 374
Effectiveness of Stress Management Training 375
Worksite Health Promotion: A Focus on Lifestyle Changes
Developing a Successful Worksite Health Promotion Program
Summary 384
Key Terms 384
Discussion Qyestions 385
Exercises 385
OH&S in Action 387
Case Study 1: Mandatory Aerobics 387
Case Study 2: Evaluating the Benefits of WHPS 387
Case Study 3: Job Sharing in a Telecommunications Firm 388
Cumulative Assignment: Well-Mart 388
References 389
Glossary 3 96
Index 402