Plant Fibers, their Composites, and Applications
By Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin, Togay Ozbakkaloglu and Hao Wang
Contents:
Contributors xi
Acknowledgment xvii
1 Introduction to plant fibers and their composites 1
Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Madhu Puttegowda, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai,
Suchart Siengchin, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, Hao Wang
1.1 Overview of plant fibers and its composites 1
Conclusion 7
References 7
2 Extraction and modification of natural plant fibers—A comprehensive review 25
Divya, S. Yamuna Devi, S. Indran, S. Raja, K.R. Sumesh
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Fiber extraction methods/techniques 27
2.3 Extraction procedures for various plant fibers 30
2.4 Influence of extraction methods on fiber properties 31
2.5 Raw fiber characterization and their drawbacks 33
2.6 Modification of natural fibers 35
2.7 Effects of fiber modification on various fibers 41
Conclusion 42
References 43
3 Alfa fibers, their composites and applications 51
Mohamed Hamid Salim, Zineb Kassab, El-Houssaine Ablouh, Houssine Sehaqui,
Rachid Bouhfid, Abou El Kacem Qaiss, Mounir El Achaby
3.1 Introduction and background 51
3.2 Alfa fibers and its derivatives 53
3.3 Alfa fibers based polymer composites 57
3.4 Application of alfa fibers composites 63
Conclusions and future trends 67
References 67
4 Areca sheath fibers, their composites and applications 75
Ashok R. Banagar, G.R. Raghu Patel, C.V. Srinivasa
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Materials and methods 77
4.3 Results and discussions 79
4.4 Potential applications of areca fiber composites 100
Conclusions 103
Acknowledgments 104
Funding information 104
References 104
5 Bagasse fibers, their composites and applications 111
Deeksha Jaiswal, G.L. Devnani
5.1 Introduction 111
5.2 Surface treatment of Bagasse fiber 113
5.3 Fabrication techniques for Baggse fiber based composites 117
5.4 Bagasse fiber based composites 119
5.5 Applications of bagasse fiber based composites 124
Conclusion 125
References 125
6 Bamboo fibers, their composites and applications 131
Yashwant Munde, Abhilasha Panigrahi, Avinash Shinde, I. Siva
6.1 Introduction 131
6.2 Types of bamboo 131
6.3 Extraction, composition, and properties of bamboo fiber 132
6.4 Fabrication process of bamboo fiber reinforced composites 136
6.5 Properties of bamboo fiber reinforced thermoset composites 137
6.6 Properties of bamboo fiber reinforced thermoplastics composites 139
6.7 Properties of bamboo fiber with biodegradable polymer 151
6.8 Properties of bamboo nanocomposites 153
6.9 Applications of bamboo, bamboo fiber, & reinforced composites 154
Conclusions 154
References 155
7 Banana fibers, their composites and applications 161
Deepa, M. Ramesh
7.1 Introduction 161
7.2 Banana fiber 162
7.3 Banana fiber reinforced composites 163
Conclusion 177
References 177
8 Coconut/coir fibers, their composites and applications 181
Isiaka Oluwole Oladele, Samson Oluwagbengea Adelani,
Baraka Abiodun Makinde-Isola, Taiwo Fisayo Omotosho
8.1 Introduction 181
8.2 Coconut/coir tree and fruit, fiber extraction and application 183
8.3 Composites 192
8.4 Application of coir fiber based composites 199
Conclusion 202
References 202
9 Flax fibers, their composites and application 209
Subrata C. Das, Angela D. La Rosa, Stergios Goutianos, Sotirios A. Grammatikos
9.1 Introduction 209
9.2 Flax fibers 210
9.3 Moisture sensitivity 216
9.4 Flax fiber reinforced polymer composites 217
9.5 Applications of flax fiber composites 226
Conclusion 226
References 227
10 Hemp fibers, their composites and applications 233
Ramesh, R. Bhoopathi
10.1 Introduction 233
10.2 Hemp fibers 234
10.3 Fabrication methods 246
10.4 Properties 248
Conclusion 250
References 250
11 Jute fibers, their composites and applications 253
T.P. Sathish Kumar, S. Satheesh Kumar, L. Rajesh Kumar
11.1 Introduction 253
11.2 Preparation of jute fiber composites 255
11.3 Mechanical properties 263
11.4 Dynamics properties 271
11.5 Thermal stability 271
11.6 Water absorption 273
11.7 Application of jute fiber composites 277
Conclusion 277
References 277
12 Kenaf fibers, their composites and applications 283
Brailson Mansingh, J.S. Binoj, N. Manikandan, N. Prem Sai, Suchart Siengchin,
Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, K.N. Bharath, S. Indran
12.1 Introduction 283
12.2 Extraction of fibers 284
12.3 Properties of fibers 285
12.4 Surface modification of Kenaf fibers 287
12.5 Reinforcement in composites 289
12.6 Hybrid composite 291
12.7 Manufacturing of composite 291
12.8 Properties of composite 292
12.9 Applications of composite 300
Conclusions 302
References 302
13 Thermal and mechanical characterization of composite
building material based on clay and date palm fibers 305
Mohamed Lamrani, Najma Laaroussi, Ahmed A. Lkouen, Mohamed Khalfaoui
13.1 Introduction 305
13.2 Used basic building materials 307
13.3 Thermal characterization techniques 308
13.4 Study of mechanical behavior 312
13.5 Results and discussion 314
13.6 Measurement of mechanical properties 319
Conclusion 321
References 321
14 Pineapple fibers, their composites and applications 323
Carlo Santulli, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Mayandi Kalimuthu
14.1 Introduction: The productive system of pineapple and the role of fibers 323
14.2 Characteristics of pineapple leaf fibers 326
14.3 Pineapple fiber (PALF) composites 330
14.4 Palf composites: production and characterization 331
14.5 Applications for palf composites 337
Conclusions 339
References 339
15 Stalk fibers (rice, wheat, barley, etc.) composites and applications 347
Swati Chaturvedi, Akarsh Verma, Sushanta K. Sethi,
Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin
15.1 Introduction 347
15.2 Rice stalk fibers 348
15.3 Wheat stalk fibers 351
15.4 Corn stalk fibers 352
15.5 Cotton stalk fiber 352
15.6 Rapeseed stalk fibers 353
15.7 Sorghum stalk fibers 354
15.8 Barley stalk fibers 354
15.9 Oat stalk fibers 355
Conclusions 355
Acknowledgment 355
Conflicts of interest 355
References 355
16 Ramie fibers, their composites and applications 363
Hyunjin Cho, Guoqing Li, Jiadeng Zhu
16.1 Introduction 363
16.2 Nature of ramie fibers 364
16.3 Categories and processing of ramie fiber composites 369
16.4 Applications of ramie fiber composites 372
Conclusions and perspectives 375
References 375
17 Cotton fibers, their composites and applications 379
Sabarish Radoor, Jasila Karayil, Jyothi M. Shivanna, Aswathy Jayakumar,
Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin
17.1 Introduction 379
17.2 Chemical composition and structure 379
17.3 Physical and chemical properties of cotton 380
17.4 Polyester/cotton fiber 381
17.5 Cotton PLA composites 384
17.6 Cotton polyethylene composites 384
17.7 Cotton PVC composites 386
17.8 Other cotton composites 386
Conclusion 387
Acknowledgments 387
References 387
18 Wood fibers, their composites and applications 391
Vishnu Prasad, K. Sekar, M.A. Joseph
18.1 Introduction 391
18.2 Natural fibers: Various types and its properties 392
18.3 Flax fiber: Its origin, structure and composition 397
18.4 Environmental impacts of flax fibers 399
18.5 Epoxy polymer 399
18.6 Manufacturing methods of natural fiber composites 401
18.7 Mechanical properties of natural fiber composites 407
18.8 Dynamic mechanical analysis 412
18.9 Thermal properties 414
18.10 Water absorption studies 415
18.11 Matrix and fiber modification methods 418
18.12 Applications 425
Conclusions 429
References 430
19 Novel plant, their composites and applications 437
Indran, S. Raja, D. Divya, G. Rajeshkumar
19.1 Introduction 437
19.2 Conventional plant fibers and their uses 437
19.3 Novel natural plant fibers and their characteristics 440
19.4 Plant fiber-based composites 444
19.5 Applications of potential natural fiber composites 449
Conclusion 449
References 449
20 Life cycle assessment of plant fibers and their composites 457
Subrata C. Das, Angela D. La Rosa, Sotirios A. Grammatikos
20.1 Introduction 457
20.2 Life cycle assessment methodology 459
20.3 Life cycle assessment of plant fiber composites 464
Conclusions 481
References 482
Index 485